Theoretically, the method and the extent of people's accessibility to the necessary information for decision making have a direct effect on what is going on in the market. Given the fact that the investors financial behavior and the decision making process in stock exchange originates from different factors, the present study sought to identify the influential factors. First the data was gathered through a questionnaire, then factor analysis was performed and finally, the political, economic and psychological factors along with the financial variables in the corporation were deeply investigated through course analysis and using Lisrel software. Findings indicated that the political, psychological, economic and financial factors respectively influenced the stock holders' decision making at Tehran stock exchange.

The most important issues in the science of the philosophy of right are the notion of right, the kinds of right, the right holders, and the origin of right. In this paper, with aids of textual research, we will try to draw the thoughts of Ayat Allah Javadi Amoli about these problems out of his writings. The below propositions are the extract of his thoughts: (1) the notion of right (subject matter of the science of philosophy of right) is a philosophical notion; (2) the right could be divided in terms of four features: origin, holder, correlation or the lack of correlation with inclusive or exclusive obligation; (3) all beings could have some rights; (4) God is the origin of all rights.

Professional means that: Others have the right and we have the duty. Professional ethics is a branch of applied ethics that deals with ethical issues in the profession and determines the appropriate behavior of the profession apart from expedient and legal factors, and the task of controlling behaviors and preventing moral problems and explaining standards and rules. Professional ethics is a kind of moral commitment and work conscience towards any kind of profession, duty and responsibility. The production profession, due to its special position in the leadership and management of the programming group and the wide audience in the field of influencing the cultural and social context, requires research and discussion on issues of professional ethics. Therefore, explaining a charter of professional ethics of the producer helps him to have complete knowledge of the communication parties and their rightful owners and familiarity with the ethical requirements in the process of programming production, in the path of the profession. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to refer to books and articles and field research to extract the ethical requirements of the production profession using the descriptive method and the method of correlation research. The main point of this article is that the producer is aware of the obligations he owes to his rights and is required to comply with them. As a result, by inferring eight stakeholder groups and conducting studies, it was found that there are ethical criteria in all stages of production that the producer must consider in order to realize the rights of its rightful owners.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

The art of painting has been intertwined with narrative from the beginning and has drawn various scientific, social, political and economic themes. One of the brilliant periods of this art was the period of Safavid rule (907-1136 AH). During this period, with the support of the government and other elders of the society and the establishment of royal workshops, this art reached its ultimate stance. In the meantime, due to the religious approach of the Safavid government, religious and political themes became the subjects of painting. The issue that can be raised here is how to reflect the position and role of the leading officials of the Safavid period in the art of painting of this period. This research has been completed via descriptive and analytical methods and by relying on the data of library resources. The findings of the study indicate that in this period, religious positions played an important role in cultural and political developments and consequently, this had a tremendous cultural impact on commonalities as religious positions played an important role in the political and social dimension. This change can also be seen in the surviving paintings of this period.

Persian poetry not only reflects the emotions and thoughts of Persian poets but also provides ample room for the presentation of thoughts, beliefs, customs and cultures governing their society. Therefore, it is helpful to investigate elements of the folklore in their poetry from two perspectives which are very interactional: first, extracting the cultural characteristics and features of these elements from the works of these poets, second, investigating and criticizing the manners and the methods which the Iranian poets have applied in order to present these cultural elements and to display them as poetic devices.One of these folkloric elements which is very noticeable in the cultures of all nations in the world is the concept of Evil Eye. This concept is observable almost every where from the old legends of the past, and the religious texts down to the present-day internet websites. In Persian poetry, one can encounter a great number of lines dealing with the Evil Eye. The diversity and the number of these lines indicate the cultural and literary significance of this element in literary texts and poems.Surveying the collections of poems, the divans, of the great Iranian poets reveals that the element of evil eye has been probed by these poets from various points of views and considerations. The poets have created a great deal of concepts out of evil eye through the use of conceits and metaphors unprecedented anywhere before.

Purpose: The present study aims at describing the general status of non-resident agriculture holders in rural areas. Moreover, it tries to not only investigate the hotspots of non-resident agriculture holders but also analyze its spatial pattern across the county of Iran. Besides, the current study will analyze the most effective factors on forming each hotspot across the Country. Methods: The study is a kind of descriptive-analytic one. The data are adopted from agriculture census of Iran Statistic Center in 2003 and 2014. They have been analyzed by spatial statistic techniques in GIS environment. Results: The findings reveal that the spatial distribution of non-resident agriculture holders is heterogeneous across the Country. The findings from spatial statistics indicate the existence of two main hotspots of non-resident agriculture holders across the towns; the first hotspot has been formed in central Iran and the northern regions of the Country, while the other one has been formed in the west. Conclusion: The increase of non-resident agriculture holders in rural area which has been formed in the frame of rural-urban linkages, leads to increase smallholdings, decrease agriculture productivity, and weaken the balance between rural population and agriculture capacities for production and employment. Therefore, it acts like a barrier in the process of Sustainable rural development.

Objective In the context of today's intensely competitive environments, the ability of organizations to meet and exceed the expectations of their key stakeholders has become increasingly crucial for their survival, as well as for boosting their overall competitiveness and productivity. This dynamic forms the crux of a significant issue in the realm of effective interaction between organizations and their external environment, widely recognized as "corporate social responsibility" (CSR). The critical importance of CSR in the competitive landscape of today's markets has led to a proliferation of scholarly studies from varied perspectives, each with distinct objectives. In pursuit of gaining a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the CSR practices adopted by organizations, this research has undertaken a detailed review and classification of the strategies that banks have implemented in alignment with their responsibilities towards external stakeholders. Methods This study is conducted as qualitative applied research employing a meta-synthesis approach. The data sources for this investigation included a curated selection of articles from international scientific databases, carefully chosen based on stringent criteria designed specifically for the meta-synthesis process. Results The practices that banks have adopted in accordance with their corporate social responsibility towards their external stakeholders can be systematically categorized into five principal groups: actions related to society, the environment, customers, competitors, and suppliers. Delving deeper, societal-related actions are subdivided into six classifications: economic, social, legal, artistic-cultural, educational, and sanitary-health initiatives. Environmental CSR actions by banks are grouped into four distinct categories: resource and energy consumption management, environmental protection efforts, environmental development initiatives, and practices related to green banking. The classifications of actions related to customers are delineated based on the nature of customer interactions, the quality of customer service provided, the intrinsic qualities of the products, and the delivery methods of these products. Additionally, the expectations of stakeholders compel banks not only to act ethically towards their suppliers and competitors but also to avoid any unethical practices. Although the actions taken in this regard are less numerous than those aimed at other stakeholders, their importance in the CSR strategies of banks cannot be underestimated. Conclusion The diligent efforts of banks to align with the expectations of their stakeholders establish them as socially accountable entities, which significantly enhances their sustainability and continuous productivity within competitive markets. The distinctive nature of the research methodology, incorporating both qualitative approaches and meta-synthesis strategies, enabled the researchers to tackle this issue from a holistic perspective. Consequently, the practices of corporate social responsibility in the banking sector with regard to external stakeholders were exhaustively identified and systematically classified. These comprehensive findings provide a valuable and effective framework for banks and other akin organizations to develop and refine their corporate social responsibility programs concerning external stakeholders.

ABSTRACT right to the city is one of the most important citizenship rights that can be reduced for women under different circumstances. In this mixed research, with in-depth and semi-structured interviews, a conceptual model has been presented to explain the causal, contextual and interventional conditions effectively reducing women's right to the city. Then, with the structural equation modeling, the causal conditions affecting the right to the city have been investigated. Family, ethnicity, and physical and mental conditions were the most important background conditions that 32 women living in Ahvaz pointed to in order to influence the right to the city. Also, the participants considered politics and government institutions, law, and spatial policies as the most important intervention in the women's right to the city. City security, favorable actions with the city space, space-positive gender performance, and social welfare were among the most important causal conditions that the participants mentioned in increasing women's right to the city. Causal modeling showed that the most influential reason for reducing women's right to the city of Ahvaz is urban space security, followed by urban policies and designs. By multiplying the causal path, it is 0.84, followed by urban planning and design with a coefficient of 0.79. Governmental and executive institutions should pay more attention to women's right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of suitable spaces with individual differences, especially gender, and, of course, with an emphasis on women. The creation of safer places in the city for women while increasing the livability of the city for citizens improves women's rights in urban spaces Extended abstract Introduction The right to the city is a universal right consisting of several instances. Since the right to the city enables the city inhabitants to access and enjoy the urban life benefits freely, it is tantamount to the right to freedom. The right to the city, the right to freedom of building and rebuilding cities, is one of the most valuable and, at the same time, the most neglected human rights. Among governments, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and political activists in all scales, the right to the city is often conceived in a legal meaning. In this sense, the right to city includes a set of distinct rights to urban resources and services, shelter, public space, clean water, and education that must be available to all, regardless of social or economic status, the bearers of such rights are urban dwellers and their guarantor is the government. This legal conception of the right to the city emphasizes universal and individual rights in the global liberal institutional order. The ultimate normative purpose of a legal right to the city is that the government legally encodes and enforces the set of rights constituting the right to the city. Justice and equality have been considered since long ago; however, injustice and discrimination are still visible in cities. Among all kinds of injustices and discrimination, gender equality has been a subject marginalized in all ages. In Iran, the need for urban spaces for women in accordance with the civil needs of citizens in daily life is felt. In Iran, factors such as various types of urban violence and insecurity, which generally make women victims, have reduced the possibility and desire for their presence and participation in public. Because the spatial, temporal, official and unofficial divisions in the city have caused some spaces to remain far from the reach of women. In this research, we intend to deal with the most important factors that cause women not to enjoy one of their most essential human rights, which is the right to the city.   Methodology This research, which is practical in terms of purpose, has been done with a confirmatory mixed method; first, it tried to present the most important contextual, interventional, and causal factors effective in reducing the right to the city of women in the form of a conceptual model by the approach of grounded theory, and then confirming the defined causal structure with the help of structural equations modeling. The population in this research is Iranian women who are exposed to gender injustice and do not have the right to a desirable city. Research participants have a deep experience of undermining their right to the city and are interested in sharing it and cooperating with the researcher. Sampling was purposefully selected from women with the least amount of the right to the city. The qualitative sample of the research was 32 people, and the quantitative sample was 420 people. Due to the mixed nature of the research and the use of the data-driven theory approach and, afterwards, structural equations to collect the data, the interview was used in the qualitative phase and questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The interviews were done in-depth, face-to-face and semi-structured. The open-ended interview questions were conducted in a calm environment without the presence of a third person, and the time of the interviews varied according to the conditions of the interviewee. The questionnaire used in the research has ascertained an instrument that evaluates the contextual and causal components and factors related to the right to the city in the form of self-declaration items. The data obtained from the interview, after being implemented in the form of text, were analyzed and classified with the help of directed content analysis. In order to investigate the causal structure of the right to the city, structural equation modeling would have been helpful. Analyzes were performed with the help of LISREL 8.8. To estimate the causal path coefficients, the iterated maximum likelihood method was used and the overall fit of the causal structure model of women’s right to the city was carried out by Chi-square statistic. And, of course, the most important fit indexes of the model, such as absolute fit indexes, incremental fit indexes and Parsimonious Normed Fit Indexes (PNFI).   Results and discussion Directed content analysis helped us to identify the factors reducing the right to the city and its subclasses of Iranian women. Conditions affecting women's right to the city are divided into underlying conditions, causal conditions, and intervening conditions. The most critical underlying conditions were family, age, ethnicity, and physical and mental characteristics. At the same time, environment security, urban actions, social welfare, and space gender functions constituted the essential intervening conditions, and politics, governmental institutions, law, and city spatial policies included the most important intervening conditions. Causal modeling also showed that the factors influencing women's right to the city are the most influential to the least influential in the form of (1) security of the city environment, (2) urban policy-making, (3) gender function of space, and (4) interaction with the city. Security is one of the most important and influential factors that can decrease or increase the right to the city for women.   Conclusion The right to the city, which is considered one of the most fundamental rights of citizens, is trampled or reaches its lowest level due to underlying reasons such as the gender of individuals or their families. In this case, women are more vulnerable than the men. In such a way, causal conditions such as environmental security or urban actions and, of course, welfare have made this gender difference in the use of city space deeper and more complicated. Meanwhile, the role of governments and sovereignty in legislation and policies should not be neglected to reduce the right to city for women. Our explicit suggestion is for governmental institutions and executive agencies to pay more attention to women’s right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of more suitable spaces in the city, the design of urban spaces away from any gender discrimination only with the view of equal access for all and the creation of safer places for the women living in Ahvaz.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.